News for Poland

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EHS lecture by Prof. Dominique Belpomme
Poland Created: 28 Apr 2018
Watch the lecture by Professor Dominique Belpomme about diagnosing, treating and preventing the Electromagnetic Fields impact on adults and children (in english).

https://youtu.be/5xdqxeiKHnY

(Tip: click the "CC" button on the Youtube player for english subtitles that can ease understanding).
Click here to view the source article.
Source: Youtube, Dominique Belpomme, 17 Jan 2018

Krakow's bold step to curb electromagnetic pollution reflects growing evidence of harm
Poland Created: 14 Jan 2017
As Kraków, Poland's second city, takes steps to protect its citizens from rising electromagnetic 'smog' from mobile phones, wifi, Bluetooth, smart meters and other devices, Lynne Wycherley summarises 2016's news highlights on the emerging bio-risks of rising exposure to non-ionisiong radiation. For how much longer can governments continue to ignore the growing evidence of harm?

The first mayor of Kraków to be elected by popular ballot, law professor Jacek Majchrowski is tackling an environmental issue most governors avoid: the electromagnetic pollution in his city.

Following work on air pollution, and in response to growing demand, he is initiating forums for citizens to discuss the growing 'smog' of electro-magnetic fields (EMFs).

In a world first he is also initiating the provision of meters to detect radio-frequency (RF) / extremely low frequency (ELF) EMFs so people can collect objective data on their exposure.

*SNIP* read the entire article via the source link below...
Click here to view the source article.
Source: The Ecologist, Lynne Wycherley, 12 Jan 2017

Polish government prepares act on electromagnetic protection
Poland Created: 23 Apr 2016
The Polish Ministry of Digitalisation has announced its preparation of an act on the control of the effects of electromagnetic radiation from radiocommunications devices on human life and health, reports Telko.in. The first consultations are planned for the beginning of May. Discussions on public concerns related to electromagnetic radiation are conducted under the patronage of the President's Office.

After the first round of the discussions, the ministry decided to withdraw the controversial provision on facilitating the placement of radiocommunications devices from the draft amendment of the act to support telecommunications services and network development.

The task of the new consultation group will be discussing the assumptions of the draft act with experts and the public and subsequent preparation of the draft. The group will include representatives of the public sector, the public, telecommunications operators and experts in the field of radio-communications and medicine, namely the Institute of Communications and Collegium Medicum of the University Jagiellonski.

The new acts will enforce supervision of emissions standards, tightening sanctions and increase the influence of the local community on the process of placing new radiocommunications devices.
Click here to view the source article.
Source: TelecomPaper, 22 Apr 2016

"mobile" Orange mast on wheels in Krakow - new Telecom's idea to avoid law
Poland Created: 22 Jul 2015
Dear All,

It is unbelievable how Orange with T-Mobile are breaking the law and putting the mast on wheels in my neighborhood (Krakow) - today another article on the subject. We won another verdict in this case but still invalid and mast is working without permission and no one knows how to remove it because it stands on private land and on wheels! :-(

Please see pictures (text in Polish):
http://www.gazetakrakowska.pl/artykul/4305063,na-bielanach-mieszkancy-walcza-z-masztem-na-wozie-drzymaly-zdjecia,id,t.html

Good news, our local authorities voted on July to create map of EMF´s for my city - Krakow :-)

Best Regards from Poland.
Barbara Gałdzińska-Calik
Click here to view the source article.
Source: Barbara Galdzinska-Calik/Agnes Ingvarsdottir

What's ruining your love life? It could be pills, that one glass of wine, even your mobile phone...
Poland Created: 17 Sep 2014
USING YOUR MOBILE PHONE
Men who carry a mobile phone are at greater risk of erectile dysfunction

Men who carry a mobile phone, switched on, for four hours or more each day are at greater risk of erectile dysfunction than men who use — rather than carry — their phones intermittently, Heat or radio- frequency electromagnetic waves could be to blame. according to the:
Central European Journal of Urology.

Link to the study: Central European Journal of Urology.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3921848/

By Louise Atkinson and Erin Dean and Lesley Dobson. The Daily Mail
Click here to view the source article.
Source: Agnes Ingvarsdottir

The risk of subjective symptoms in mobile phone users in Poland - An epidemiological study
Poland Created: 8 Apr 2014
OBJECTIVES: To assess the type and incidence of subjective symptoms related to the use of mobile phones in Polish users.

MATERIAL AND METHODS:
The study was conducted in 2005 using a questionnaire survey. Although it has been quite a long time, up to now, no such data have been published for Poland. The questionnaire consisted of 53 questions concerning sex, age, education, general health, characteristics of a mobile phone (hand-held, loud-speaking unit) as well as the habits associated with its use (frequency and duration of calls, text messages, etc.) and complaints associated with using a mobile phone.

RESULTS:
As many as 1800 questionnaires were sent. The response was obtained from 587 subjects aged 32.6±11.3 (48.9% women, 51.1% men); the age did not differ significantly between men and women. The subjects owned a cell phone for an average of 3 years. Majority of the respondents used the phone intensively, i.e. daily (74%) or almost daily (20%). Headaches were reported significantly more often by the people who talked frequently and long in comparison with other users (63.2% of the subjects, p = 0.0029), just like the symptoms of fatigue (45%, p = 0.013). Also, the feeling of warmth around the ear and directly to the auricle was reported significantly more frequently by the intensive mobile phone users, compared with other mobile phone users (47.3%, p = 0.00004 vs. 44.6%, p = 0.00063, respectively). Most symptoms appeared during or immediately after a call and disappeared within 2 h after the call. Continuous headache, persisting for longer than 6 h since the end of a call, was reported by 26% of the subjects.

CONCLUSIONS:
Our results show that the mobile phone users may experience subjective symptoms, the intensity of which depends on the intensity of use of mobile phones.
Click here to view the source article.
Source: PubMed / Int J Occup Med Environ Health, Szyjkowska A et al, 01 Apr 2014

THEY KNEW! 1973 WHO symposium on Microwaves
Poland Created: 18 Feb 2014
This rare and often mentioned as "top secret" 350 page book from a 1973 WHO Symposium on microwaves has surfaced - download copies from the source link and store them so that this work will never disappear again.

Source link: http://mistic.heig-vd.ch/taillard/microwave_effects/
(right-click and save-as on all the links listed. Mac users: hold CTRL key & click the links and save)

We have archived a zipped bundle of all the PDFs here:
http://www.mast-victims.org/resources/docs/who1973.zip
(its a 170Mb whopper)
-------------------------------

Preface:

The International Symposium on the Biologic Effects and Health Hazards of Microwave Radiation was held during the four-day period October 15-18, 1973, at a conference center in Jadwisin, near Warsaw, under the joint sponsorship of the Governants of Poland and the United States of America and of the World Health Organization.

The Government of the Polish People’s Republic, through the Scientific Council to the Minister of Health and Social Welfare, designated the Institute of Biostructure of the Warsaw Medical Academy to be the collaborating institution; the Government of the United States of America was represented by the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Food and Drug Administration, Bureau of Radiological Health, and the World Health Organization was involved through its Environmental Health programme.

Special assistance in the arrangements for the Symposium was given by Dr. B. D. Blood, International Health Attache, United States Mission to the International Organizations in Geneva.

The Symposium was the culmination of a two-year exploratory and planning effort to bring together, for the first time, scientists and scientific program directors from the nations known to have research interests in the effects on health of exposure to microwave radiation. This was believed to be important for several reasons: the expanding use of microwave power for an increasing variety of industrial, military, medical, commercial and household purposes; the capacity of microwave radiation to produce demonstrable- biologic effects; and the unresolved differences in reported biologic effects and in the exposure and safety standards derived from them.

The objectives of the meeting were: to exchange current information about the biologic and health effects of microwave radiation and recommend further needed research and approaches, to encourage international cooperation in relevant research, to promote the evaluation of scientific information needed for setting safe exposure standards, to consider ways of achieving international dosimetric standardization, and to publish and disseminate the Proceedings.

It was thought that the purposes of the Symposium would best be served by a relatively small group of participants given ample opportunity for formal and informal discussion. Regrettably this excluded participation by many experts connected with research programs concerned with the microwave range of the electromagnetic spectrum (defined for the symposium as 300—300.000 MHz).

Sixty participants from the following countries and from WHO attended: Canada, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, the Federal Republic of Germany, France, the German Democratic Republic, Japan, Poland, Sweden, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the United Kingdom and the United States of America.

Three specialists from Argentina, -Czechoslovakia and Israel who were invited to attend the -Symposium had to cancel their scheduled participation.

Representatives of several international organizations also attended the Symposium.
The participants were scientists and program directors from various institutions, universities, agencies and laboratories concerned with the physical, biomedical and behavioral sciences.

English and Russian were the official languages of the Symposium and a simultaneous translation service provided. The many multilingual participants and members of the staff provizied translations from French and other languages.

Thirty-nine scientific papers were presented in six sessions:
A. General Effects of microwave Radiation
B. Influence of Microwave Radiation on the nervous System and behaviour.
C. Effects of Microwave Radiation on the Cellular and Molecular level,
D. Measurements of Microwave Radiation
E. Occupational Exposure and Public Health Aspects of Microwave Radiation
F. Future Research Needs. Conclusions and Recommendations.

Abstracts of the papers, prepared in advance by the authors.
were translated in Poland and distributed to the participants in English. and Russian versions before the start of the Symposium.

The spirit of the Symposium was one of goodwill, enthusiasm and genuine interest in interchange with scientists of other countries.
The setting of the meeting and housing of participants in a suburban conference center greatly contributed to the success of the Symposium.
For many participants it was their first opportunity to meet investigators known to them only through the literature.
On several occasions, impromptu meetings by groups of participants were arranged in the evening or early morning to discuss topics of interest not on the program.
It is notable that plans were initiated during the conference for some collaborative work and exchange of information and instrumentation by participants of different scientific persuasions.

The controversial issues that have characterized the field for the past two to three decades relate to:
(1) the mechanisms of interaction of microwave radiation with biologic systems
(2) the levels and circumstances of exposure capable of producing biologic effects and
(3) the nature and significance of biologic effects.

Differences in approaches and findings principally between countries in western Europe and North America and those in eastern Europe, have led to considerable variance
in microwave exposure criteria and standards. For example, the usual recommended maximum power density level for occupational exposure in the United States is 10 milliwatts per square centimetre based mainly on the risk of cataract formation from heating effects. In contrast to the standard for full-time work exposure in the Soviet Union of 10 microwatts per square centimetre, based on low intensity non-thermal biologic effects. It was not the intention of this conference to consider discrepancies in standards and compliance, however, but rather to open the way for scientists to present and discuss studies and interpretations that have been the underpinnings of safety standards and to propose ways of advancing knowledge and understanding in this relatively new field.
Click here to view the source article.
Source: WHO, symposium on microwaves, 15 Oct 1973

Nurses mobile phones were jammed?
Poland Created: 5 Feb 2008
Prime Minister Donald Tusk has demanded explanations concerning the jamming of mobile phones of nurses, who protested at the prime minister’s office last July.

Prosecutors are to launch a probe into whether the use of jamming equipment was legal, interior minister Grzegorz Schetyna said after a meeting called by premier Tusk.

A statement issued by the government’s press office says that contrary to the declarations made by the government of the then prime minister Jaroslaw Kaczynski, the protesting nurses were exposed to long term harmful electromagnetic radiation emitted by jamming equipment in the premier’s office.
Click here to view the source article.
Source: Poland.pl, 02 Feb 2008

EVALUATION OF THE EFFECT OF USING MOBILE PHONES ON MALE FERTILITY
Poland Created: 16 Oct 2007
Conclusion: A decrease in the percentage of live sperm cells in a vital, progressive motility in semen is correlated with the frequency of usage of mobile phones - An increase in the percentage of sperm cells with abnormal morphology is associated with the duration of exposure to the waves emitted by GSM equipment.

Abstract: The problem of the lack of offspring is a phenomenon concerning approximately 15% of married couples in Poland. Infertility is defined as inability to conceive after a year of sexual intercourses without the use of contraceptives. In half of the cases the causative factor is the male. Males are exposed to the effect of various environmental factors, which may decrease their reproductive capabilities. A decrease in male fertility is a phenomenon which occurs within years, which may suggest that one of the reasons
for the decrease in semen parameters is the effect of the development of techniques in the surrounding environment. A hazardous effect on male fertility may be manifested by a
decrease in the amount of sperm cells, disorders in their mobility, as well as structure. The causative agents may be chemical substances, ionizing radiation, stress, as well as electromagnetic waves. The objective of the study was the determination of the effect of the usage of cellular phones on the fertility of males subjected to marital infertility therapy.

The following groups were selected from among 304 males covered by the study: Group A: 99 patients who did not use mobile phones, Group B: 157 males who have used GSM equipment sporadically for the period of 1-2 years, and Group C: 48 people who have been regularly using mobile phone for more than 2 years. In the analysis of the effect of GSM equipment on the semen it was noted that an increase in the percentage of sperm cells of abnormal morphology is associated with the duration of exposure to the waves emitted by the GSM phone. It was also confirmed that a decrease in the percentage of sperm cells in vital progressing motility in the semen is correlated with the frequency of using mobile phones.

Get the entire article at the source link below.
Click here to view the source article.
Source: Ann Agric Environ Med 2007, Artur Wdowiak, Leszek Wdowiak, Henryk Wiktor, 29 May 2007

Lack of offspring is a phenomenon concerning 15% of married couples in Poland
Poland Created: 30 Sep 2007
The problem of the lack of offspring is a phenomenon concerning approximately 15% of married couples in Poland.
Infertility is defined as inability to conceive after a year of sexual intercourse without the use of contraceptives.
In half of the cases the causative factor is the male.
Males are exposed to the effect of various environmental factors which may decrease their reproductive capabilities [3, 13]. A decrease in male fertility is a phenomenon which occurs over the years [2, 8, 14]. This may suggest that one of the reasons for the decrease in semen parameters is the
effect of the development of techniques in the surrounding environment. A hazardous effect on male fertility may be manifested by a decrease in the amount of sperm cells, disorders in their motility, as well as structure. The causative agents may be chemical substances, ionizing radiation, stress, as well as electromagnetic waves [3, 12, 13]. Recent years have seen a very rapid development in cellular telecommunications based on the emission of electromagnetic waves, the effect of which on human health has not yet been fully confi rmed.
The effect of electromagnetic waves on living organisms depends on the wave frequency and intensity. The hazardous effect of radio waves of high frequency (0.3-300 GHz) is associated with an increase in body temperature [2]. The waves emitted by mobile phones are of an at least 10-fold
lower frequency (0.1-30 MHz). These waves may exert an EVALUATION OF THE EFFECT OF USING MOBILE PHONES ON MALE FERTILITY
Artur Wdowiak1, Leszek Wdowiak2, 3, Henryk Wiktor1 1Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Obstetric-Gynaecological Nursing, Medical University of Lublin, Poland 2Institute of Agricultural Medicine, Lublin, Poland 3Chair and Institute of Health Protection Management and Economics, Medical University of Lublin, Poland Wdowiak A, Wdowiak L, Wiktor H: Evaluation of the effect of using mobile phones on male fertility. Ann Agric Environ Med 2007, 14, 169-172.
Abstract: The problem of the lack of offspring is a phenomenon concerning approximately 15% of married couples in Poland. Infertility is defi ned as inability to conceive after a year of sexual intercourses without the use of contraceptives. In half of the cases the causative factor is the male. Males are exposed to the effect of various environmental factors, which may decrease their reproductive capabilities. A decrease in male fertility is a phenomenon which occurs within years, which may suggest that one of the reasons for the decrease in semen parameters is the effect of the development of techniques in the surrounding environment. A hazardous effect on male fertility may be manifested by a decrease in the amount of sperm cells, disorders in their mobility, as well as structure. The causative agents may be chemical substances, ionizing radiation, stress, as well as electromagnetic
waves. The objective of the study was the determination of the effect of the usage of cellular phones on the fertility of males subjected to marital infertility therapy.
The following groups were selected from among 304 males covered by the study: Group A: 99 patients who did not use mobile phones, Group B: 157 males who have used GSM equipment sporadically for the period of 1-2 years, and Group C: 48 people who have been regularly using mobile phone for more than 2 years. In the analysis of the effect of GSM equipment on the semen it was noted that an increase in the percentage of sperm
cells of abnormal morphology is associated with the duration of exposure to the waves emitted by the GSM phone. It was also confi rmed that a decrease in the percentage of sperm cells in vital progressing motility in the semen is correlated with the frequency of using mobile phones.
Address for correspondence: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Jaczewskiego 5. E-mail: arturwdowiak@vp.pl
Ann Agric Environ Med 2007, 14, 169-172
170 Wdowiak A, Wdowiak L, Wiktor H: effect on the state of polarisation of the cellular membranes in the human body. An adequate polarisation of cellular
membranes is responsible for the process of spermatogenesis, and for the properties of a sperm cell enabling its penetration into the egg cell.
Due to a large amount of potentially hazardous factors, it is diffi cult to isolate one individually in order to examine its effect on the male sperm.
Today, studies of the effect of mobile telephones on the human body are especially justifi ed, and may allow the development of possible prophylactic activities leading to the limitation of potentially hazardous infl uence of cellular phones on the human body.

OBJECTIVE
The objective of the study was determination of the effect of the usage of cellular phones on the fertility of males undergoing marital infertility therapy.

AND METHODS
The studies were conducted during the period June 2004 – May 2006 among patients treated in two outpatient departments in Lublin due to marital infertility. The research method was a questionnaire form, while the technique – a diagnostic survey. Simultaneously, respondents’ sperm
was subject to examination according to the WHO standards [16], adopting the following standard parameters of ejaculation:
Volume – 2.0 ml or more; Concentration – 20 mln sperm cells/ml or more;
Mobility – 50% or over progressive, (i.e. type A and B) and more type A;
Type A – rapid, rectilinear, progressive motility;
Type B – slow, poorly linear, non-linear motility;
Morphology – 30% or more, with normal morphology.
Sexual abstinence prior to the sampling of semen was 2-7 days. Sperm was obtained by the method of masturbation in a selected room near the laboratory. Males with the symptoms of systemic diseases were excluded from the study group, as well as patients with clinically confi rmed
features of an infl ammatory state of the reproductive organ.
In addition, from the study group were eliminated males with body mass disturbances, the exponent of which was a BMI index below 17 or over 30, as well as patients with hormonal, pre- and post-natal development disorders in the region of male reproductive organs. Patients with the presence of clinically examinable varices of the spermatic cord, which may affect the quality and concentration of the sperm within the period of 3 months prior to the survey, were not qualifi ed for the study.
The survey consisted of questions concerning the place of residence (division: rural area, town with a population of up 50,000; a large city with a population of over 50,000), age, loading with smoking habit (division into groups: Group A – non-smokers, Group B – regular smokers up to
20 cigarettes daily, and C – those smoking more than 20 cigarettes a day), occupation performed, and usage of mobile phone. The results obtained were subjected to statistical analysis by means of chi-square test for independence, adopting the level of signifi cance of 0.05. The statistical
package SPSS for Windows was used. The results were analysed from the aspect of relationship between the usage of the phone and semen parameters.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The following groups were selected from among 304 males covered by the study: Group A: 99 patients who did not use mobile telephones, Group B: 157 males who have used GSM equipment sporadically for the period of 1-2 years, and Group C: 48 people who have been regularly using mobile phones for more than 2 years.
Groups A, B and C were compared from the aspect of load of cigarette smoking habit. No signifi cant differences were observed in the frequency of occurrence of cigarette smoking habit (χ2=1.46, p>0.05). The statistical analysis also did not show any signifi cant differences between the
control group and the study group with respect to the following parameters: respondents’ age (χ2=1.48, p>0.05), place of residence (χ2=1.38, p>0.05), and the occupation performed (χ2=1.46, p>0.05). The results concerning the concentration of semen obtained from spermiograms were divided into the 5 following groups:
1 – patients with azoospermy (lack of sperm cells in the ejaculate);
2 – up to 3 mln/ml (severe oligozoospermy);
3 – from 3-10 mln/ml (moderate oligozoospermy);
4 – from 10-20 mln/ml (light oligozoospermy);
5 – concentration of over 20 mln/ml satisfying the WHO standards.

Considering the percentage of sperm cells in type A live progressive motility of sperm cells, the results of the sperm test obtained were divided into
4 groups:
1 – over 50% motility A + B in semen;
2 – from 20-40% motility A + B in semen;
3 – from 5-19% of motility A+B in semen;
4 – below 5% of motility A+B in semen.

Based on the percentage of sperm cells of abnormal structure, the division was made into the following groups:
1 – over 30% normal sperm cells;
2 – from 20-30% of normal cells;
3 – from 10-19% of normal cells;
4 – from 3-9% normal sperm cells;
5 – below 3% of normal sperm cells.
While evaluating the effect of the frequency of using GSM phones on the vitality of sperm cells it was observed that 65.7% of males not using this equipment have a normal spermiogram with respect to the parameters concerning the percentage of sperm cells in live vital and slow progresEvaluation
of the effect of using mobile phones on male fertility 171 sive motility. It was noted that 35.4% of people frequently using the phones have results within the standard, while 51.6% of the remaining respondents are classifi ed into the group with normal vitality of semen. Slight disturbances in the mobility of sperm cells (20-40% motility A) occurred in Group A in 9.1% of respondents, in Group B – in 17.2%, whereas in Group C – these disturbances concerned 35.4% of patients (Tab. 1).
While investigating the relationships between the pathology of the semen and usage of GSM phones it was confi rmed that 55.6% of males not possessing phones have smen with the normal percentage of sperm cells with proper morphology, 23.2% of these patients have slightly elevated pathology of the semen, 7.1% have 10-19% normal structure cells, while 13.1% show a profound pathology of the semen. In the group of people who sporadically used phones, 27.4% of respondents did not show deviations from the standard with respect to the pathology of spermiograms, 35% had a slightly elevated amount of abnormal sperm cells, 15.3% of these males possessed from 10-19% of normal sperm cells, while in 15.3% the pathology
reached approximately 100%. In the group of people often using mobile phones, 16.7% possessed normal morphology of semen, 39.6% slightly decreased morphology, 8.3% had from 10-19% of normal sperm cells, whereas
total teratozoospermy occurred in 22.9% of respondents from this group (Tab. 2). While analysing the frequency of using mobile phones on the concentration of the sperm, no statistically significant differences were noted (χ2=1.48, p>0.05).

DISCUSSION
The evaluation of the effect of mobile telecommunications on the state of human health is a diffi cult issue, which results from the fact that there is a problem with isolating from various environmental factors the particular one that may be caused by electromagnetic waves emitted by mobile phones. In addition, waves of the same frequency may be emitted by various other appliances. The effect of waves emitted by phones in association with other factors should also be considered. It may be presumed that people who intensively use phones more often perform sedentary work. This is conducive for the elevation of temperature in the region of the scrotum, and infertility. People who talk on the phone, to a greater degree may be exposed to stress,
which by affecting the level of cortisol, prolactine and testosterone may contribute to the decrease in the concentration of the semen [13].
Males who are very acti
inadequate nutrition (e.g. pesticides, the effect of which on
male fertility has not been proved), frequent contact with
motorization (hazardous effect of contact with heavy metals),
or an individual contact with chemical substances in
association with performance of an individual occupation
[13].
While investigating the effect of mobile phones on the
parameters of semen, Erogul obtained results similar to
those in the presented study [6]. Analogous conclusions
Table 1. Relationship between frequency of using mobile phones and mobility of sperm cells in semen; &#967;2=23.2, p<0.001.
over 50% motility
A + B in semen
from 20-40% motility
A+B in semen
from 5-19% motility
A+B in semen
below 5% motility
A+B in semen
Total
N % N % N % N % N %
Patients without mobile
phones (A)
65 65.7 9 9.1 14 14.1 11 11.1 99 100
Sporadically using
mobile phones
81 51.6 27 17.2 30 19.1 19 12.1 157 100
Frequently using
mobile phones
17 35.4 17 35.4 12 25.0 2 4.2 48 100
Total 163 53.6 53 17.4 56 18.4 32 10.5 304 100
Table 2. Relationship between frequency of using mobile phones and pathology of sperm cells structure; &#967;2=36.859, p<0.001.
over 30%
normal sperm cells
from 20-30%
normal sperm cells
from 10-19%
normal sperm cells
from 3-9%
normal sperm cells
below 3%
normal sperm cells
Total
N % N % N % N % N % N %
Patients without
mobil phones
55 55.6 23 23.2 7 7.1 1 1.0 13 13.1 99 100
Sporadically using
mobile phones
46 27.4 55 35.0 24 15.3 11 7.0 24 15.3 157 100
Frequently using
mobile phones
8 16.7 19 39.6 4 8.3 6 12.5 11 22.9 48 100
Total 106 34.9 97 31.6 35 11.5 18 5.9 48 15.8 304 100
172 Wdowiak A, Wdowiak L, Wiktor H
were also simultaneously drawn by Fejes [7] and Aitken
[1] in their studies concerning the mobility of sperm cells
and the use of GSM. &#321;opucki et al. [10] also obtained results
similar to the presented study.
Studies of the effect of electromagnetic waves on the human
body are also hindered in association with the ethical
aspects of these activities. In the case of studies conducted
on animals, the problem is of lesser importance, and additionally,
it is easier to isolate the effect of a hazardous factor
from among potentially hazardous factors. The results
of the studies conducted on animals, however, cannot be
directly referred to the human body.
In the studies by Dasdag carried out on rats, the effect
of waves emitted by GSM phones on the semen of these
animals was not observed [4]. In the studies conducted
on chicken embryos, Grigorev [9] confi rmed an increase
in mortality in the study group subjected to the effect of
electromagnetic fi eld as emitted by mobile phones, compared
to the control group. Wierzcho&#347; [15] arrived at similar
conclusions while studying rabbit embryos. Nakamura,
while investigating the infl uence of electromagnetic waves
on pregnancy in rats, also confi rmed their harmful effect
[11]. It should be taken into consideration, however, that
the studies conducted on animals cannot be unequivocally
transferred to humans, which is also confi rmed by Derias
[5].
While analysing the scientifi c reports pertaining to electromagnetic
waves, it may be suspected that the use of mobile
phones can decrease male fertility, and the presented
results of studies require continuation within a longer time
span and on a larger group of males.
CONCLUSION
1. A decrease in the percentage of live sperm cells in a
vital, progressive motility in semen is correlated with the
frequency of usage of mobile phones.
2. An increase in the percentage of sperm cells with abnormal
morphology is associated with the duration of exposure
to the waves emitted by GSM equipment.
REFERENCES
1. Aitken RJ, Bennetts LE, Sawyer D, Wiklendt AM, King BV: Impact
of radio frequency electromagnetic radiation on DNA integrity in the
male germline. Int J Androl 2005, 28(3), 171-179.
2. Andersen AG, Jensen TK, Carlsen E, Jorgensen N, Andersson
AM, Krarup T, Keiding N, Skakkebaek NE: High frequency of sub-optimal
semen quality in an unselected population of young men. Hum Reprod
2000, 15(2), 366-372.
3. Claman P: Men at risk: occupation and male infertility. Fertil
Steril 2004, 81(Suppl 2), 19-26.
4. Dasdag S, Zulkuf Akdag M, Aksen F, Yilmaz F, Bashan M, Mutlu
Dasdag M, Salih Celik M: Whole body exposure of rats to microwaves
emitted from a cell phone does not affect the testes. Bioelectromagnetics.
2003, 24(3), 182-188.
5. Derias EM, Stefanis P, Drakeley A, Gazvani R, Lewis-Jones DI:
Growing concern over the safety of using mobile phones and male fertility.
Arch Androl 2006, 52(1), 9-14.
6. Erogul O, Oztas E, Yildirim I, Kir T, Aydur E, Komesli G, Irkilata
HC, Irmak MK, Peker AF: Effects of electromagnetic radiation from a
cellular phone on human sperm motility: an in vitro study. Arch Med Res
2006, 37(7), 840-843.
7. Fejes I, Zavaczki Z, Szollosi J, Koloszar S, Daru J, Kovacs L, Pal
A: Is there a relationship between cell phone use and semen quality? Arch
Androl 2005, 51(5), 385-393.
8. Joffe M: Time trends in biological fertility in Britain. Lancet 2000,
355(9219), 1961-1965.
9. Grigorev IuG: Biological effects of mobile phone electromagnetic
fi eld on chick embryo (risk assessment using the mortality rate). Radiats
Biol Radioecol 2003, 43(5), 541-543.
10. &#321;opucki M, Jakiel G, Bakalczuk S, Pietruszewski S, Kankofer
M, Bakalczuk G, Tkaczuk-W&#322;ach J, Kotarski J: Infl uence of alternating
magnetic fi eld with magnetic induction 0.5 mT and frequency 50 Hz on
human spermatozoas in vitro. Int J Androl 2005, 28(Suppl. 1), 106.
11. Nakamura H, Matsuzaki I, Hatta K, Nobukuni Y, Kambayashi Y,
Ogino K: Nonthermal effects of mobile-phone frequency microwaves on uteroplacental
functions in pregnant rats. Reprod Toxicol 2003, 17(3), 321-326.
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ORIGINAL ARTICLES AAEM
INTRODUCTION
Source: Iris Atzmon

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